![]() ![]() The major method of producing IgG-based BsAbs is recombing half-molecules from heterogenous parental antibodies. īsAbs based on the IgG structure display a similar structure to native antibodies. At the present time, according to the structures of BsAbs, BsAbs are divided into two categories: the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based antibodies and the variable fragment (Fv)-based antibodies. In the early days of BsAb development, BsAbs were produced by the reduction and reoxidation of hinged cysteine in monoclonal antibodies. BiTEs belong to the second category because one BiTE molecule usually targets one CD3 molecule and one tumor antigen simultaneously.īsAbs are developed on the basis of monoclonal antibodies. In order to maximize the therapeutic effects of bispecific T cell-recruiting antibodies, research issues including the response rates, the recommended doses and adverse events need to be discussed.īsAbs are divided into three categories according to their targets: (i) antibodies targeting two different tumor antigens (ii) antibodies targeting one tumor antigen and one immune-related molecule (iii) antibodies targeting two immune-related molecules. Some bispecific T cell-recruiting antibodies have been approved for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and multiple promising drugs are currently in clinical trials. Many bispecific T cell-recruiting antibodies with novel structures have been derived from BiTEs. This review summarized the current research status of BiTEs for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Since Blinatumomab, a canonical CD3/CD19 BiTE, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2014 for adult Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) relapsed or refractory (R/R) B cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), BiTEs for the management of hematologic malignancies have been developed rapidly. BiTE is the BsAb designed to target CD3 and tumor-specific antigens simultaneously and promote the cytotoxicity of T cells. The concept of BsAbs first appeared in the early 1960s, with the first example constructed in 1985. ![]() There are more than 100 formats for BsAbs, of which bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are well-designed formats, and novel structures of BsAbs are emerging constantly. Over the past few decades, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have been developed rapidly for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. This review summarized the features of bispecific T cell-recruiting antibodies for the treatment of hematologic malignancies with special focus on preclinical experiments and clinical studies. The elucidation of mechanisms of BiTE action and neonatal techniques used for the construction of BsAbs can improve the treatment of hematological malignancies. A considerable number of bispecific T cell-recruiting antibodies which are potentially effective in hematologic malignancies have been derived from BiTEs. Recent studies have focused on improving the efficacy of BiTEs by optimizing treatment regimens and refining the molecular structures of BiTEs. Blinatumomab, the first BiTE approved for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), is appreciated for its high efficacy and safety. Here we discussed the advances and challenges in BiTE therapy developed for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The emerging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), which recruit T cells to tumor cells, exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), have facilitated the development of tumor immunotherapy. Harnessing the power of immune cells, especially T cells, to enhance anti-tumor activities has become a promising strategy in clinical management of hematologic malignancies. ![]()
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