![]() ![]() In addition, all genes and proteins will be classified into large family groups that provide valuable clues to their functions. Therefore, scientists will be able to turn to the DNA sequence of the human genome and obtain detailed information on both the structure and function of any gene or protein of interest. In general, each gene codes for the production of a single protein, and a gene and its protein can be related to each other by means of the genetic code. For humans these are roughly estimated to be of 100,000 different kinds. Humans, like all living organisms, are composed largely of proteins. It will, however, serve as a great resource, an essential data bank, facilitating future research in mammalian biology and medicine. For this reason, obtaining complete genetic linkage and physical maps and deciphering the sequence will provide a permanent base of knowledge concerning all human beings-a base whose utility for all activities of biology and medicine will increase with future analysis, research, and experimentation.Įven the complete sequence of DNA in the human genome will not by itself explain human biology. The DNA in the human genome is remarkably stable, as it must be to provide a reliable blueprint for building a new organism. Even determination of the complete nucleotide sequence is attainable, although ambitious. Converging developments in recombinant DNA technology and genetics make obtaining a complete ordered DNA clone collection indexed to the human genetic linkage map a realistic immediate goal. ![]() Unprecedented advances in molecular and cellular biology, in biochemistry, in genetics, and in structural biology-occurring at an accelerating rate over the past decade-define this as a unique and opportune moment in our history: For the first time we can envision obtaining easy access to the complete sequence of the 3 billion nucleotides in human DNA and deciphering much of the information contained therein. Encoded there as well are the mutations and variations that cause or increase susceptibility to many diseases responsible for much human suffering. Encoded in the DNA sequence are fundamental determinants of those mental capacities-learning, language, memory-essential to human culture. Each of our cells contains the same complement of DNA constituting the human genome ( Figure 1-1.) The DNA sequence of every person's genome is the blueprint for his or her development from a single cell to a complex, integrated organism that is composed of more than 10 13 (10 million million) cells. All living organisms are composed of cells, each no wider than a human hair. ![]()
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